Japanese bondage

Kinbaku (緊縛) means 'tight binding Kinbaku-bi (緊縛美) which literally means 'the beauty of tight binding'. Kinbaku (also Sokubaku, bakujojutsu, and senyojo jutsu) is a Japanese style of bondage or BDSM which involves tying up the bottom using simple yet visually intricate patterns, usually with several pieces of thin rope–often jute and generally around 6 mm in diameter, but sometimes as small as 4mm, and between 7m-8m long). In Japanese, this rope is known as 'asanawa'. The Japanese vocabulary does not make a distinction between hemp and jute. Dictionaries will usually translate the word 'asa' as hemp and 'nawa' as rope. However, this rope is not hemp rope, but jute rope: the allusion is to the use of hemp rope for restraining prisoners, as a symbol of power. In Japan very few bondage practitioners, if any, use hemp rope. Though jute and hemp may belong to the same family of fibers, and they both have good properties for holding knots and for not stretching, they do differ in looks, weight and especially in smell.^{[citation needed]}
 
The word shibari came into common use in the West at some point in the 1990s to describe the bondage art Kinbaku. Shibari (縛り) is a Japanese word that literally means "to tie" or "to bind". It is used in Japan to describe the artful use of twine to tie objects or packages.

International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works

IIC produces a number of important, informative and well-researched publications which are available free to members both in a digital format and as hard copy: Studies in Conservation is a peer-reviewed academic journal produced as 6 issues each of 64 or 80 pages per year, with some papers having open access. Reviews in Conservation, a second peer-reviewed journal was published in hard copy from 2000 to 2009, and its content has now been incorporated into Studies. IIC also publishes preprints for all its biennial Congresses, and those from 1961 to the present are now freely available on-line to members. During 2015, several online-online supplements, each with a specific theme, some with open access, will be added.

The papers in all of these can now be cited as online supplements to Studies in Conservation, using the year of first publication, the original page numbers, and the supplement number, since some of the printed versions are now out of print.

Together, Studies in Conservation provides one of the most important repositories of heritage conservation literature available, with papers on research results, developments and applications of analytical methods, practical treatments, best practice, and more, all of which are available to IIC members in full, and to non-members as abstracts.

The electronic newspaper News in Conservation is published six times a year and its content can be accessed through the news of this website, and is available for free download to all.